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Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events associated with negative health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood. The pivotal studies identifying the relationship between childhood adversity and health outcomes were conducted in the late 90s and found that having high ACEs (defined as 4 or more forms of childhood adversity) was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, lung disease, and mental health disorders, along with others.1 Having 6 or more ACEs was associated with a shortened lifespan, which was more concerning.2
Footnotes
Funding information and disclosures are provided at the end of the article. Full disclosure form information provided by the authors is available with the full text of this article at Neurology.org/cp.
See page e200124
- Received February 17, 2023.
- Accepted February 24, 2023.
- © 2023 American Academy of Neurology
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