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December 2022; 12 (6) Research Article

Self-Reported Severity and Causes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients With Epileptic or Functional Seizures

L. Brian Hickman, Akash B. Patel, Ishita Dubey, Amir H. Karimi, Xingruo Zhang, Emily A. Janio, Corinne H. Allas, Siddhanka S. Sreenivasan, Janar Bauirjan, Shannon D'Ambrosio, Mona Al Banna, Andrew Y. Cho, Jerome Engel, John M. Stern, Wesley T. Kerr
First published October 27, 2022, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200098
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Article Information

vol. 12 no. 6 e189-e198
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000200098
Published By: 
Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology
Print ISSN: 
2163-0402
Online ISSN: 
2163-0933
History: 
  • Received January 24, 2022
  • Accepted September 19, 2022
  • First Published October 27, 2022.

Article Versions

Copyright & Usage: 
© 2022 American Academy of Neurology

Author Disclosures

    1. L. Brian Hickman, MD, MSc,
    2. Akash B. Patel, DO,
    3. Ishita Dubey, BS,
    4. Amir H. Karimi, BA,
    5. Xingruo Zhang, BS, BA,
    6. Emily A. Janio, MPH,
    7. Corinne H. Allas, BS,
    8. Siddhanka S. Sreenivasan, BA,
    9. Janar Bauirjan, RN, BSN,
    10. Shannon D'Ambrosio, BS,
    11. Mona Al Banna, MD,
    12. Andrew Y. Cho, MS,
    13. Jerome Engel Jr., MD, PhD,
    14. John M. Stern, MD and
    15. Wesley T. Kerr, MD, PhD
  1. L. Brian Hickman, MD, MSc,
    2. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  2. Akash B. Patel, DO,
    3. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. 1) UCLA Health, Resident Physician, 2021-Present<br>2) UC Irvine Health, Intern Physician, 2020-2021

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  3. Ishita Dubey, BS,
    4. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  4. Amir H. Karimi, BA,
    5. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  5. Xingruo Zhang, BS, BA,
    6. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. (1) UCLA, salary for working as a public administration analyst assistant <br>at UCLA BRITE Center<br>(2) University of Chicago, PhD student stipend

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, <br>R01 DK125414, trainee,1 year

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. (1) University of Chicago

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  6. Emily A. Janio, MPH,
    7. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  7. Corinne H. Allas, BS,
    8. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  8. Siddhanka S. Sreenivasan, BA,
    9. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  9. Janar Bauirjan, RN, BSN,
    10. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  10. Shannon D'Ambrosio, BS,
    11. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  11. Mona Al Banna, MD,
    12. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  12. Andrew Y. Cho, MS,
    13. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  13. Jerome Engel Jr., MD, PhD,
    14. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. Eisai, commercial, consultation

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. None

    Editorial Boards:

    1. Annals of Neurology<br>MedLink

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Lippencott<br>Wiley<br>Elsevier

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NIH grant R01 NS033310<br>Nih Grant U54 NS100064

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. None

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. Commercial expert witness 2022<br>Commercial expert witness 2021

  14. John M. Stern, MD and
    15. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. UCB, SK Life Sciences, Neurelis, Eisai

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. MedScape

    Editorial Boards:

    1. MedLink Neurology, Assoc. Editor, 2008-2022<br><br>International Journal of Epilepsy, Ed Board, 2013-2022

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. Atlas of EEG Patterns 2nd ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013<br><br>Atlas of Video-EEG Monitoring, McGraw-Hill, 2011<br><br>Medication Resistant Epilepsy, Cambridge Univ Press, 2020<br><br>Imaging of Epilepsy, Springer, 2022

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. NONE

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. UCB, Sunovion, Eisai, Neurelis, Jazz, LivaNova, SK Life Sciences, Ceribell

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. Clinical epilepsy, UCLA, 50% of effort

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. Leff Family Foundation

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. Ceribell, 2021

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  15. Wesley T. Kerr, MD, PhD
    16. Scientific Advisory Boards:

    1. None

    Gifts:

    1. NONE

    Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:

    1. (1) American Epilepsy Society funding for travel to the <br>Epilepsy Pipeline Conference.

    Editorial Boards:

    1. NONE

    Patents:

    1. NONE

    Publishing Royalties:

    1. NONE

    Employment, Commercial Entity:

    1. NONE

    Consultancies:

    1. (1) SK Lifesciences, (2) Radius Health

    Speakers' Bureaus:

    1. NONE

    Other Activities:

    1. NONE

    Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Commercial Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Government Entities:

    1. (1) National Institute of Neurological Diseases and <br>Stroke, <br>NIH R25 NS065723, R25 Trainee, 2020<br>(2) National Institute of Neurological Diseases and <br>Stroke, <br>NIH R25 NS089450, R25 Trainee, 2022<br>(3) National Institute of Neurological Diseases and <br>Stroke, NIH U24 NS107158, NeuroNEXT Fellow, 2022

    Research Support, Academic Entities:

    1. NONE

    Research Support, Foundations and Societies:

    1. (1) American Epilepsy Society

    Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:

    1. NONE

    License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:

    1. NONE

    Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:

    1. NONE

    Legal Proceedings:

    1. NONE

  1. Department of Neurology (LBH, ID, AHK, XZ, CHA, SSS, JE, JMS, WTK), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Internal Medicine (LBH), University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (ABP, EAJ, JB, SDA, MAB, AYC, JE, WTK), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurobiology (JE), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Brain Research Institute (JE), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; and Department of Neurology (WTK), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
  1. Correspondence
    Dr. Kerr wesleytk{at}ucla.edu

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